Chemical process.



0 ELLIS.

CHEMICAL PROCESS. APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 1912.

l 1 84,086. Patented May 23, 1916! WITNESSES:

A A l/Vl/E/VTOH I s @001; 2 a m .50 In the drawings, 1 is anfelectrolytic cell water also is passed; and the rapid rota" ice .s ra rns ovarian centered? nulls, or iaouronaln, new

CHEEIGAL PRO GESE 1,184 @8fi i Specification 01 Letters Patent. Egtg'ggmggd Ifigy 2?, 1915; 1 application filed may 17, 1912. Serial No. 697,998.

To all whome't may concern." containing brine, having the electrodes 2 Be it known that I, CARLETON ELLIS, a and 3, the chlorin outlet 4 and the hydro citizen of the United States, and a resident gen outlet 5. The cell contains a porous diaof Montclair, in the county of Essex and phragm' or equivalent device shown at 29.

5 State of New Jersey, have invented cer- The hydrogen eduction pipe 5 leads to the -55 tain new .and useful improvements in tower 6; which is filled with coke or other Chemical Processes, of which the followcoarsely-granular material. ing'is a specification. 7 is a water inlet pipe'an'd 8 is a water The invention relates to a process of prooutlet or discharge pipe. The pipe 9 leads lu-ducing caustic soda, chlorid and hydrogenfrom the tower 6 to the spray fan IO'and so ated oil, and more specifically to the procserves to conve 1 the hydrogen gas from the ess of hydrogenating organic material such former to the latter. The spray fan or as fatty acids -or 4 esters carrying unsatublower has water inlets and outlets, l1 and rated bodies in the presence of a catalyzer, 12 respectively.- A gas eduction pipe leads preferably" of a colloidal character, under from the spray .blower to the purifiers 14-, 15 c5 suitable thermal conditions, involving the and 16. The purified gas is taken by the production of hydrogen containing cata pipe 17 to a hydrogenating receptacle 18.

' lyzerpoisons, by the electrolysis of brine The latter has a conical or boshe'd lower and the like, and the removal of the toxic portion 19. From the gas main 17 a pipe20 20 halogen and other catalyzer poisons, from leads to the'circulating pump 21, from the 70 the gas prior to contacting same with the latter there being a gas discharge piper22, organic material to be treated; "all substanterminating in the bottom of the cone 19 tially as hereinafter. described or in an and delivering gas through a distributing 7 equivalent manner thereunder. device 23, to the receptacle 18. .24: is a a .Hydrogen obtained from the electrolysis draw or cock at the bottom of the said re- 75 'of aqueous solutions of sodium chlorid or ceptacle. 7 salt carries a small, often almost imper-- A heating jacket is shown at 25. 'ceptible amount of chlorin or sodium chlo- 26 is an inlet or oil-charging pipe. rid or both or similar halogen material, 27 isa plugged opening for charging 30 which acts as a catalyzer-poison from such catalyzer, etc. 4 v

bodies as finely-divided metallic nickel and '28 .is a'vent pipe. "the like, and therefore, in using hydrogen The operating of the process in accordfor the purpose of saturating fatty maance with the illustrative apparatus set terial, no eificiency canbe secured when forth'herein is as follows-An electric our using the gas directly under these circumrent of suitable strength is'passed through as stances.

. the cell 1 by means of the electrodes 2 and In the present invention in its preferred; 3. The cell contains a solution-oi brineer form the raw hydrogen undergoes a special similar material, and the chlorin and hypreparation, whereby inits use for hydrodrogenevolved are kept from mixingto a' 40 genation, the catalytic body remains umm- .very great extent by the diaphragm .29. .ee paired for along time, and eventually loses Thus caustic soda is formed in the cell while its eificiency because. of the accumulation of chlorin is removed through the pipe 4: and pitchy orj tar-like bodies on its surface, hydrogen through the pipe 5. Enteringthe r I rather thanby toxic decline. I tower 6, the .gas meets a: downward current .45 In its preferredform the invention is ofwater whichaccomplishes a preliminary 9'5 shown by the accompanying diagrammatic washingor rough removal of the traces of drawings, which depict in elevation appachlorin and salt vapors, etc., in the gas- I ratus suitable for carrying out the process The hydrogen next passes to the rotary hereunder. scrubber or spray blower 'l0, through which tion of the blades of the fan or impeller wheel -causes the gas andwater to be brought into intimate contact. The gas next passes into the lime chamber 14, by the pipe 13 .which has a vertical portion whereinthe spray produced in the scrubber and entrained by the gas, to settle to some extent.

is charged with quicklime move moisture The chamber 14 and serves to re-- and any remaining chlorin. The dried gas then passes into the chamber 15 in which is maintained a bed of heated copper turnings. Finally the gas passes through the drier 16 and goes to the hydrogenation chamber 18. Or if desired, the gas may be stored in an until ready for use.

The oil to be treated is run into the chamber 18 to a depth such that the chamber is through the inlet 27. 'The oil is heated to about 150 C. or so and the pump 21 put in motion. The gas is thus bubbled through the oil in a cyclic path and as fast as absorbed fresh quantities of the poison-free gas are admitted by the pipe 17 When the oil has been saturated to a sufficient degree it is drawn off by the valve 24. The lime more or less hydrated in the chamber 14 is 0 passed through the chute 31, to the chlorinating chamber 30, to which chlorin gas from the cell 1, is brought.

It is desirable to use the hydrogengas as soon as possible after its generation, especiallyin the peculiar or has opportunity,

ordinary gas holder nascent state in about two thirds filled. Catalyzer is added which it is evolved by the electrolysis of ordinary metallic chlorids, and if certain precautions .be taken perature of reaction it is possible, easy and cheap to.produce from saidv unsaturated organic material, valuable saturatedderivatives. As to the causeof this peculiarly favorable condition of the electrolytic hydrogen for producing these reactions, I am unableto nitel'y, but it is apparently dueto more than a mere condition of nascency. Perhaps the hydrogen atoms or ions still retain the electric charges or other proper ties given them in electrolysis. I This application is a divisional continuation in part of application Serial No. 686,988, particularly as regards the use of electrolytic hydrogen. ong the unsaturated bodies which ma be treated in accordance invention are the fatty as corn, cottonseed, castor, fish and menhaden oils, various oily bodies as wool grease, horse fat, tallow, garbage grease and the like; hydrocarbon oils containing unsaturated compounds, naphthalene and so forth.

A number of catalyzers are adapted for a hydrogenating oily material in the illustrasomething with the present oils or esters, such in regard to the tem and other conditions.

y, and the like containing unsaturated bodies and the like rcontaimng which comprises eontacting the same with a -catalyzer comprising of about 100 C. lstantially free 'from chlorin and chloride free tive manner above described. Colloidal nickel. may be used, especially with fatty esters. i

The peculiar susceptibility of the colloidal form of catalytic'metal to thetox caction of chlorids or-chlorin' renders it im electrolytic hydrogen in portant to free the a most thorough manner from these catalyzer poisons.

With finely divided reduced nickel in the reduction of fatty esters a temperature above 100 the colloidal forms temperatures below 100 C. tend to better catalyzer. The pressure of. the hydrogen gas on min the body to the longevity of the .80 v be treated may be C. is usually required; while with varied according to circumstances,'from be Q.

low. to well above atmospheric pressure. I .cla-im.

1. The'process of hydrogenating oils, fats: g5,

and the like containing unsaturated bodieswhich comprises contacting the same with a nickel catalyzer in colloidal form and hydrogen gas free from he process of hydrogenating-oils, fats- Which comprises contacting the same with, a nickel catalyzer in freshly prepared and abnormally activeelectrolytic hydrogen, such gas being substantially free from chlorin and chlorids.

3. The process of hydrogenating oils, fats unsaturatedbodies and with hydrogen gas suband under superatmospheric pressure. e process of hydrogenating oils, fats and the like containing'unsaturated bodies colloidal form and.

chlorin and chlorids.- i;

I [9o and the like containing unsaturated bodlesy hydrogen gas sub process} of hydrogenating oils, fats its W hich comprises contacting the same with a nickel catalyzer in colloidal form and freshly prepared and hydrogen producedby the electrolysis of an aqueoussolution of sodium clilorid such gas abnormally I active being substantially free :from chlorin and chlorids.

6. The process of hydrogenating-oils, fats which com nickel catalyzer' in a form peculiarly suschloride, and fres ly normally active hydrogen produced by electrolysis, suchv gas beingsubstantially from chlorin and chlorids. 7. The process of hydrogenating oils, fats and the like containing unsaturated bodies which comprises contacting the-.samewith 0 a nickel catalyzer in a form peculiarly sus- Signed at Montclair, in the county of ceptible to the toxic action of chlorin and Essex and State of: New Jersey, this 9th day 10 chlorids, and freshly prepared and abnorof May, A. D. 1912.

: mally active hydrogen under pressure, produced by the electrolysis of an aqueous solu- CARLETON ELLIS. tion of a chlorid, such gas being collected \Vitnesses: separately from the chlorin and immedi- ALFRED A. WELLS,v ately freed from the chlorids and dried. I. DAVID LUBETZKI.

come; of this patent may be obtained an five cents each, by addressing the "Gommluioner of intents,

' walhingtomnc." 

